河南警察学院学报

在动物伤人的刑事案件中，司法实践对饲养者预见可能性的认定存在显著的抽象化倾向，该裁判逻辑与过失理论中的“危惧感说”相契合，极易造成过失认定范围的不当扩大，违背刑法责任主义原则，也使得此类案件的刑事裁判面临过度打击的问题。过失犯中预见可能性的认定应坚守“具体的预见可能性”标准，同时采用主观说作为核心判断依据，以此划定过失认定的合理边界，避免对公民的自由造成过度妨碍。判断动物饲养者的预见可能性，需以动物自身的类型化危险性为通常标准，严重危险动物与一般危险动物进行差异化认定，综合考量具体情形下的环境因素、饲养者的管理措施、专业饲养经验等要素的实际影响，结合被害人过错对饲养者的预见可能性作出合理限缩。

In criminal cases involving animal-inflicted injuries， judicial practice demonstrates a marked tendency toward abstraction in determining the foreseeability of animal keepers. This adjudicative logic aligns with the "sense of apprehension theory" in negligence doctrine， which can easily lead to an undue expansion of the scope of negligence findings， violates the principle of culpability in criminal law， and exposes criminal judgments in such cases to the problem of excessive enforcement. The determination of foreseeability in negligence offenses shall adhere to the standard of "concrete foreseeability" and adopt the subjective theory as the core criterion， so as to delineate a reasonable boundary for negligence findings and avoid unduly restricting citizens’ freedom. To judge the foreseeability of animal keepers， the typified dangerousness of the animal itself shall serve as the general standard， with differentiated determinations made between highly dangerous animals and ordinarily dangerous animals. Meanwhile， the actual impacts of contextual factors， the keeper’s management measures， professional breeding experience， and other elements under specific circumstances shall be comprehensively considered， and the foreseeability of the keeper shall be reasonably restricted in light of the victim’s fault.